Port Arthur is a city in Jefferson County, Texas, on the Gulf Coast roughly 90 miles east of Houston, with a small extension into Orange County. It is part of the Beaumont–Port Arthur metropolitan area and one of the foundational cities of the Texas petrochemical industry. The city was founded by railroad promoter Arthur Stilwell, who established the Port Arthur Channel and Dock Company and guided the port's development; the port officially opened in 1899 with the arrival of the British steamer Saint Oswald. The discovery of oil at Spindletop near Beaumont shortly afterward transformed the city, and Port Arthur became a major refining and shipping center. With a population of roughly 54,000, Port Arthur remains a deep-water port and refining hub, home to one of the largest oil refineries in the United States. The Port of Port Arthur sits on the Sabine-Neches Waterway, one of the nation's busiest commercial waterways, and Pleasure Island, an 18.5-mile man-made island built from dredged material, fronts the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway and provides the city's principal recreational shoreline. The city's working waterfront and refinery complex anchor an economy built on energy, shipping, and heavy industry, and its location between Texas and Louisiana infuses local life with a distinctive blend of Gulf Coast and Cajun culture. Port Arthur is also notable for its cultural legacy. Singer Janis Joplin was born here, and the Museum of the Gulf Coast celebrates her along with a Music Hall of Fame of more than 80 regional musicians, as well as the area's sports and petroleum history. The city is a resilient, community-rooted place whose residents take pride in that musical and maritime heritage. Port Arthur appeals to those connected to the port and energy industries and to buyers seeking an affordable, historically rich Gulf Coast community with deep roots in Texas history. Its neighborhoods, its waterfront recreation, and its position on the Sabine-Neches Waterway give it a character unlike any other city in the Houston region.